Overview

Oral cancers encompass a diverse group of malignancies that affect the mouth, lips, tongue, throat, and associated structures. These cancers typically begin as abnormal cell growth in the oral cavity and can manifest as squamous cell carcinomas, the most prevalent form. Several factors contribute to oral cancer risk, including tobacco and alcohol use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and sun exposure for lip cancers.

Early detection is vital for successful treatment, as oral cancers can progress rapidly. Symptoms may include persistent mouth sores, pain, difficulty swallowing, and changes in speech. Diagnosis often involves biopsies and imaging, followed by various treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.

Prevention strategies, including regular dental check-ups, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and vaccination against HPV, can reduce the risk of oral cancers. Timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plans remain critical in improving outcomes for individuals facing these challenging diseases.